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The LibraryODERSA publishing house
An ODERSA resource · Knowledge programmeA book only goes online once it is whole and read by someone else.

Chapter 7 of 17 · Conjugating French Without Hesitating

Chapter 6. The imparfait, the tense marker

The most regular tense in the language: one single set of endings for every verb, and a stem that is built almost always in the same way.

One single set of endings, with no exception

After the présent (the present tense) and its families, the imparfait (the imperfect) comes as a relief: every verb in the language, without a single exception, takes the same endings in it. One piece comes back in four persons out of six, the -ai- that is heard in "je chantais", and it is that piece which signals the tense. It has a name in the reference grammars: it is la marque de temps (the tense marker). In the two persons that remain, "nous" and "vous", it is an i that plays that part.

The only work, then, is to find the right stem. Here again one rule is enough, and the only common verb that escapes it is the verb être.

The imparfait does not serve to tell just any past. It shows an action looked at from the inside, in the course of happening, without saying when it begins or when it ends. It is the tense of settings, of habits, and of what was going on while something else happened.

The imparfait calls up a past action seen in the course of being carried out, one part of the action being complete and the other still to be carried out. The imparfait does not state the limits of the action: it is therefore not known at what moment it began or at what moment it ended, unless that information is stated explicitly by a complement.

Office québécois de la langue française, Banque de dépannage linguistique, Généralités sur l'imparfait, translated from the French by ODERSA
Reminder · the endings of the imparfait, the same for every verb
PersonEndingExample
je-aisje chantais
tu-aistu chantais
il, elle, on-aitil chantait
nous-ionsnous chantions
vous-iezvous chantiez
ils, elles-aientils chantaient

Exercise 25. The six endings of the imparfait

Copy out each sentence, writing the verb in the imparfait. Every verb in this set is in -er.

  1. Je (regarder) par la fenêtre.
  2. Tu (chanter) en travaillant.
  3. Il (marcher) très vite.
  4. Nous (habiter) au dernier étage.
  5. Vous (arriver) toujours les premiers.
  6. Ils (jouer) dans la cour.
  7. On (fermer) les volets à la nuit.
  8. Ma grand-mère (préparer) la soupe le dimanche.
  9. Les cloches (sonner) à midi.
  10. Tu (oublier) toujours ton parapluie.

Reminder · building a form of the imparfait, in three moves

  1. Step 1

    Put the verb into the présent with "nous": nous finissons, nous prenons, nous faisons, nous voyons.

  2. Step 2

    Take off the ending -ons: what is left is finiss-, pren-, fais-, voy-. That is the stem of the imparfait for every person, give or take one spelling touch-up for verbs in -ger and in -cer in front of "nous" and "vous", which chapter 7 will deal with.

  3. Step 3

    Add the ending called for: je finissais, tu prenais, il faisait, nous voyions.

These three moves also work for verbs this workbook has not drilled, because they ask for one thing only: being able to say the form with "nous". Anyone who speaks the language already knows it, even for a rare verb.

One common verb alone escapes these three moves: the verb être. "Nous sommes" does not give the stem of its imparfait, which is ét-: j'étais, tu étais, il était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils étaient. The few verbs that have no "nous" form, such as falloir and pleuvoir, are out of the reach of the rule: they exist only in the third person singular, and their imparfait is remembered as it stands, il fallait and il pleuvait.

Exercise 26. From the présent with nous to the stem of the imparfait

For each infinitive, write first the présent form with "nous", then the imparfait form with "je", like this: finir, nous finissons, je finissais.

  1. grandir
  2. prendre
  3. faire
  4. voir
  5. dire
  6. venir
  7. pouvoir
  8. vouloir
  9. aller
  10. manger
  11. commencer
  12. avoir

Exercise 27. The imparfait of common verbs

Copy out each sentence, writing the verb in the imparfait.

  1. J'(être) très fatigué ce soir-là.
  2. Tu (avoir) dix ans à l'époque.
  3. Il (faire) nuit quand nous sommes partis.
  4. Nous (aller) à l'école à pied.
  5. Vous (prendre) le même train que moi.
  6. Ils (venir) nous voir chaque été.
  7. On (dire) que la maison était hantée.
  8. Elle (vouloir) devenir vétérinaire.
  9. Les enfants (pouvoir) jouer dehors jusqu'à la nuit.
  10. Nous (voir) la mer depuis le grenier.
  11. Le boulanger (être) déjà debout à quatre heures.
  12. Vous (avoir) raison de vous méfier.

Exercise 28. A setting in the imparfait

Copy out the text, writing every verb in the imparfait.

  1. La maison (être) au bout du chemin.
  2. Un grand tilleul (couvrir) presque tout le jardin.
  3. Nous (arriver) toujours en fin d'après-midi.
  4. Ma grand-mère nous (attendre) sur le pas de la porte.
  5. Elle (avoir) un tablier bleu et des mains très froides.
  6. Les poules (courir) partout dans la cour.
  7. Mon frère et moi (aller) chercher l'eau au puits.
  8. On (entendre) le train derrière la colline.
  9. Le soir, nous (dîner) dehors quand il (faire) beau.
  10. Personne ne (vouloir) rentrer avant la nuit.